Decades ago, I studied primary production by Myriophyllum spicatum in Wisconsin. In recent years I focused on the ecology and spread of Utricularia inflata in Adirondack Mountain lakes. My research program has now shifted to wetland and forest ecology with no specific focus on invasive species — but the impacts of beech bark disease, hemlock woolly adelgids, and emerald ash borers will figure into the forest ecological studies.